Alien Ontology: A Kantian Perspective
What does it mean to be when bodies, time, and matter may not constrain life?
Philosophical inquiry into being has long assumed a human-centered framework: existence is tied to bodies, perception, and temporal sequence. Yet the possibility of extraterrestrial life challenges these preconceived notions of what it means to be, suggesting that consciousness and ābeingā may manifest in forms completely foreign to our categories. Perhaps some entities exist as patterns of energy, as networks spanning the cosmos, or as cognitive structures that perceive time non-linearly. While these speculations strain our ontological and epistemological tools, they also illuminate the limits of our understanding. In imagining such forms of existence, we are forced to reconsider not only the plurality of being but also the contingent nature of our own ontological assumptions.
Kantās key idea is that human cognition structures our reality. In the Critique of Pure Reason, Kant argues that we need never experience āthings-in-themselvesā (noumena) directly. Instead, all our experience is mediated by cognitive faculties: sensibility ā> organizes raw sensory input into space and time, understanding ā> applies concepts such as causality, substance, and unity. In essence, we do not perceive reality in its true form; we perceive reality as it appears to humans/our senses.
In the context of alien life, this poses an interesting question: if a being experiences reality with different facultiesāsay, perceiving energy directly, or experiencing time non-linearlyāwould their being even be accessible to us? By Kantās logic, the answer is no. If an entity exists in noumena, we wouldnāt even know how to notice them.
To take it a step further, Kant draws a line between phenomena, what appears to us and is structured by cognition, and noumena, āthings-in-themselvesā, which may exist but are imperceptible to us/canāt be known directly. Alien minds could be akin to noumena for us: real, conscious, but beyond the forms and categories our minds need to comprehend existence.
Our assumptions about life, intelligence, and consciousness are tied to human-centered frameworks, not cosmic necessity. Kant shows that things like space, time, and causality are not laws of the cosmos but structures of our (limited) perception. If alien beings experience reality without space or linear time, they may exist in a way that would defy our metaphysics. Kant gives us rigorous reason to take seriously that our categories of āaliveā or āintelligentā are local, not universal; encountering radically alien minds could reveal the contingency of our current metaphysical assumptions, and we may need to expand our framework to anticipate other forms of ābeingā.